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More Pesticide Power: EPA's Farm Worker Field Reentry Standards Oust OSHA's Jurisdiction

The environmental hazards most often associated with pesticides are those posed by chronic low-level exposure: bioaccumulation of toxic and possibly carcinogenic chemicals in both man and animals. While these relatively diffuse and long-term harms are real enough, persons who come into direct contact with such chemicals because of their occupations face greater dangers. This category includes both persons who apply pesticides to fields and farmworkers who must go into fields after these applications.

Environmental Decisionmaking and the Siting of Facilities

One of the more urgent problems of environmental law concerns the siting of industrial and other major constructed facilities required to meet societal needs. Although the siting problem may be diminished as a result of the use of energy conservation measures and other techniques affecting the need for certain facilities, the problem will remain a significant one for environmental decisionmaking.

A Progress Report on the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and Its Supplementary Fund Convention

An important development in international environmental law was announced recently by the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), a specialized agency of the United Nations. In April 1975, IMCO revealed that the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage1 now has been ratified by the required number of nations to bring that treaty into operation.

Toward Compatible International and Domestic Regimes of Civil Liability for Oil Pollution of Navigable Waters

Even though the highly-publicized problem of vessel-source oil pollution has generated much discussion among attorneys in the United States and in other nations,1 the private-law remedies for oil pollution damage both here and abroad remain grossly inadequate. The vast majority of those United States citizens who are exposed to detrimental aftereffects of oil spills from ships still have little or no chance to recover any compensation for their losses under state or federal law.

The ESECA Coal Conversion Program: Saving Oil the Hard Way

Though the Arab oil embargo recedes mercifully into history, its legislative progeny remain with us. One such creation is the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 19741 (ESECA), a proclamation by Congress that the oil- and gas-burning electric utilities of the nation would, where feasible, have to convert to the use of coal.

Protecting Public Health From Hazardous Substances: Federal Regulation of Environmental Contaminants

In their efforts to learn why the incidence of cancer and other fatal and serious diseases is on the rise, researchers are concentrating more and more on the health effects of products and waste products of modern industrial society. One such product, vinyl chloride, the principal ingredient of the second most widely used plastic, has recently been shown to cause cancer in humans. Gasoline combustion products have been linked to chronic respiratory difficulties.

Regulation and Healthy: How Solid Is Our Foundation?

On January 28, 1975, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled that the EPA regulation to reduce the level of tetraethyl lead in gasoline was arbitrary and capricious. Within only slightly more than one month, the Environmental Protection Agency itself reversed a previously held position concerning the schedule for clamping down on automotive exhaust emissions. The reversal was occasioned, it was said, because of the likelihood of sulfuric acid mist emissions from the catalytic devices necessary to meet the more restrictive standards.

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973: A Significant Restriction for All Federal Activities

In legislation and administrative regulations of great potential significance, Congress and the federal executive departments have committed the United States to the protection of animal and plant species that are threatened with extinction. The primary instrument for implementing that commitment is the Endangered Species Act of 1973,1 a statute that now is emerging as an important component of federal law.