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Green Steel and Global Trade: Legal Pathways and Policy Barriers in the Low-Carbon Transition

The iron and steel sector contributes nearly 7% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. As global climate commitments tighten and industrial decarbonization becomes urgent, green steel, produced using low-carbon alternatives such as green hydrogen and renewable electricity, has emerged as a potential solution. This Comment explores how national and international regulations are shaping the future of green steel, focusing on the interplay between climate policy and trade law.

Attorney General of New Jersey v. Dow Chemical Co.

The Third Circuit affirmed a district court order remanding to state court a lawsuit concerning a chemical company's design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of 1,4-dioxane. The state of New Jersey sued the company in state court, arguing its products substantially harmed the environment. The c...

Center for Biological Diversity v. Environmental Protection Agency

In a per curiam decision, the D.C. Circuit, 2-1, granted environmental groups' challenge to an EPA rule implementing Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS) Program standards for 2023-2025. The groups argued EPA failed to adequately explain why—for purposes of addressing life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emi...

Diamond Alternative Energy v. Environmental Protection Agency

The U.S. Supreme Court, 7-2, held that several fuel producers had standing in a lawsuit challenging EPA's approval of California regulations requiring automakers to manufacture more electric vehicles and fewer gasoline-powered vehicles in an effort to decrease emissions from liquid fuels. The produc...

Environmental Protection Agency v. Calumet Shreveport Refining, L.L.C.

The U.S. Supreme Court, 7-2, held that EPA's 2022 denials of six small refinery exemption petitions were locally or regionally applicable actions that fell within the "nationwide scope or effect" exception under the CAA, requiring venue in the D.C. Circuit. The small refineries challenged the denial...

Oklahoma v. Environmental Protection Agency

he U.S. Supreme Court, 8-0, held that EPA's disapprovals of Oklahoma's and Utah's SIPs were locally or regionally applicable actions reviewable in a regional circuit court. The two states petitioned the Tenth Circuit to review the disapprovals, which were two of 21 SIPs EPA disapproved in 2023 for f...

Save Long Beach Island v. U.S. Department of Commerce

A district court denied summary judgment for a citizen group in a challenge to NMFS' issuance of incidental harassment authorizations (IHAs) and a letter of authorization (LOA) to wind developers off the coast of New York and New Jersey. The group argued the IHAs and LOA, which authorize take o...

Texas v. United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Fifth Circuit agreed to rehear a petition for review that it previously denied concerning EPA's designation of two counties in Texas as nonattainment for the 2010 sulfur dioxide NAAQS. The state of Texas and a power plant operator argued EPA violated the CAA by ignoring monitoring data that purp...

A Treaty Right to Healthy Forests? Using Tribal Fishing Rights to Challenge Timber Sales

Tribes in the Pacific Northwest have faced persistent obstacles to their exercise of treaty fishing rights, most prominently illegal regulation of off-reservation fishing by state governments. As salmon decline, a new frontier is emerging for treaty right violations: environmental degradation. A recent court victory ruled that a series of culverts owned and operated by the state of Washington violated tribal treaty rights to fish for salmonids at their “usual and accustomed” places.

WildEarth Guardians v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service

A district court granted summary judgment for an environmental group in a challenge to FWS' 2023 12-month finding that Joshua trees were not warranted for listing under the ESA for the "foreseeable future." The group argued FWS violated the ESA because it failed to use best available science, i...