For most of the 20th century, predicting chemical safety relied upon testing in animals. Today, a new generation of tools is redefining how we assess the risks that chemicals pose, offering a future of chemical risk evaluation that is more efficient, more human-relevant, and doesn’t depend on animals. New approach methodologies are modern testing strategies in the field of toxicology that offer a way to meet regulatory data requirements more efficiently and with more direct relevance to human health, while reducing or replacing the use of animals.