In the wake of conflict, there is a risk that resource extraction will have destabilizing impacts by damaging the environment, preventing local people from accessing the
resources that they depend on, or fostering tension about the distribution of jobs and other project benefits. Responsible resource extraction requires companies to minimize such risks, and thereby render their activities more likely to contribute to post-conflict stability and economic development. This chapter examines three voluntary standards that can help ensure that companies investing in extractive industry projects in such settings take seriously the risk of social and environmental damage, and position themselves to support post-conflict peacebuilding by providing economic (and sometimes social) development opportunities.